Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Heart Health: MVD and Syringomyelia Guide

The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (CKCS) is a beloved breed known for its affectionate temperament and elegant appearance. However, potential owners should be aware of certain health concerns, primarily Mitral Valve Disease (MVD) and Syringomyelia (SM). Understanding these conditions is crucial for responsible ownership.

Mitral Valve Disease (MVD)

MVD is a degenerative heart condition affecting the mitral valve, which separates the left atrium and ventricle. In CKCS, MVD often appears earlier in life compared to other breeds. The valve leaflets thicken and become less flexible, leading to leakage (regurgitation) of blood back into the atrium. This forces the heart to work harder to pump blood, eventually leading to heart enlargement and potentially congestive heart failure (CHF).

Symptoms of MVD

Early stages may be asymptomatic. As MVD progresses, symptoms can include:

• Heart murmur (detectable by a veterinarian)
• Coughing, especially at night or after exercise
• Difficulty breathing (dyspnea)
• Exercise intolerance
• Lethargy
• Fainting (syncope)
• Abdominal distension (ascites) in advanced stages

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis typically involves a physical exam (auscultation for heart murmur) and further testing like echocardiography (ultrasound of the heart) and radiographs (X-rays). Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and slowing the progression of the disease. Medications may include diuretics to reduce fluid buildup, ACE inhibitors to lower blood pressure, and positive inotropes to improve heart contractility. Regular veterinary check-ups and monitoring are vital.

Prevention and Breeding Considerations

Currently, there is no cure for MVD. Reputable breeders screen their dogs for MVD and avoid breeding affected individuals. The Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Club promotes responsible breeding practices aimed at reducing the incidence of MVD. Early detection and management can significantly improve the quality and length of life for affected dogs.

Syringomyelia (SM)

Syringomyelia (SM) is a neurological condition characterized by fluid-filled cavities (syrinxes) within the spinal cord. It is thought to be related to the conformational issue of Chiari malformation, where the back of the skull is too small, putting pressure on the brain and spinal cord.

Symptoms of SM

Symptoms can vary widely in severity and include:

• Scratching at the neck and shoulders, often without making contact
• Sensitivity to touch around the neck and shoulders
• Pain
• Weakness or incoordination
• Scoliosis (curvature of the spine)
• Phantom scratching (scratching in the air)

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis is typically confirmed with an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan of the brain and spinal cord. Treatment aims to manage pain and improve quality of life. Pain medications, such as NSAIDs and gabapentin, are commonly used. In some cases, surgery may be considered to relieve pressure on the brain and spinal cord, although it is not always effective.

Breeding Considerations

Like MVD, responsible breeders screen for SM using MRI and avoid breeding affected dogs. Genetic research is ongoing to better understand the inheritance of SM and develop more effective screening methods. Selecting puppies from breeders who prioritize health testing is crucial.

Conclusion

MVD and SM are significant health concerns in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. While these conditions can be challenging, early detection, appropriate treatment, and responsible breeding practices can significantly improve the health and well-being of affected dogs. Prospective owners should thoroughly research these conditions and choose breeders committed to health testing and ethical breeding.