Is it Kennel Cough? Identifying Symptoms and Common Causes in Dogs

Kennel cough, also known as canine infectious tracheobronchitis, is a highly contagious respiratory disease affecting dogs. While often mild and self-limiting, understanding its symptoms and causes is crucial for prompt diagnosis and management, preventing complications and further spread.

Recognizing the Symptoms

The hallmark symptom of kennel cough is a persistent, forceful, hacking cough, often described as sounding like a goose honk. This cough can be dry or productive, meaning the dog may try to cough up phlegm or foam. Other symptoms may include:

• Retching or gagging: Especially after coughing episodes.
• Runny nose: Nasal discharge can be clear, white, or yellow.
• Watery eyes: Similar to a common cold in humans.
• Lethargy: Reduced energy levels and reluctance to play.
• Fever: Although less common, a mild fever may be present.
• Loss of appetite: Decreased interest in food.

It’s important to differentiate kennel cough from other respiratory illnesses, such as pneumonia or heart disease, which can present with similar symptoms. If your dog exhibits any of these signs, especially if they are severe or persistent, consult your veterinarian for a proper diagnosis.

Common Causes and Transmission

Kennel cough is caused by a variety of infectious agents, most commonly the bacterium Bordetella bronchiseptica and viruses such as canine parainfluenza virus and canine adenovirus. These pathogens attack the lining of the trachea (windpipe) and bronchi (airways), making the dog more susceptible to secondary bacterial infections.

The disease is highly contagious and spreads through airborne droplets released when an infected dog coughs or sneezes. It can also be transmitted through direct contact with contaminated surfaces, such as water bowls, toys, or bedding.

Situations that increase the risk of exposure include:

• Kennels and boarding facilities: Hence the name “kennel cough.”
• Dog parks: Close proximity to other dogs.
• Grooming salons: Shared equipment and space.
• Dog shows and training classes: Increased dog density.

Even brief encounters with infected dogs can lead to transmission. Good hygiene practices, such as disinfecting shared items and avoiding contact with sick dogs, can help minimize the risk.

What to Do If You Suspect Kennel Cough

If you suspect your dog has kennel cough, isolate them from other dogs to prevent further spread. Contact your veterinarian to schedule an examination. They can confirm the diagnosis, rule out other conditions, and recommend appropriate treatment. Treatment may include cough suppressants, antibiotics (if a secondary bacterial infection is present), and rest. Most cases resolve within a few weeks. Vaccination is available and highly recommended, especially for dogs frequently exposed to other canines in high-risk environments. Consult your veterinarian about the best vaccination schedule for your dog.