Oral Cancer in Dogs: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

Oral cancer is a serious health concern in dogs. Recognizing the signs early and seeking prompt veterinary care is crucial for improving the chances of successful treatment and a better quality of life for your canine companion.

Symptoms of Oral Cancer in Dogs

The symptoms of oral cancer in dogs can vary depending on the type and location of the tumor. Some common signs to watch for include:

• Bad breath (halitosis): A persistent and unusually foul odor coming from your dog’s mouth can be a red flag.
• Excessive drooling: Increased salivation, especially if it’s tinged with blood, should be investigated.
• Difficulty eating or drinking: Your dog may show reluctance to eat hard food or have trouble swallowing.
• Weight loss: Unexplained weight loss can indicate an underlying health problem, including oral cancer.
• Facial swelling: A noticeable swelling on the face, particularly around the jaw or nose, could be a sign of a tumor.
• Bleeding from the mouth: Any unusual bleeding from the gums or other oral tissues needs prompt attention.
• Loose teeth: Teeth that seem to be wobbly or falling out without a clear reason should be examined.
• Visible mass or growth: A lump, bump, or ulceration inside the mouth is a strong indication of a potential problem.
• Changes in behavior: Your dog might become irritable, withdrawn, or show signs of pain when touched around the mouth.

Diagnosis of Oral Cancer

If you suspect your dog may have oral cancer, your veterinarian will perform a thorough physical examination, including a detailed assessment of the oral cavity. Diagnostic tests may include:

• Biopsy: This is the most definitive way to diagnose oral cancer. A small tissue sample is taken from the suspicious area and examined under a microscope.
• X-rays: Radiographs can help determine the extent of the tumor and whether it has spread to the bones of the jaw or skull.
• CT scan or MRI: These advanced imaging techniques provide a more detailed view of the tumor and surrounding tissues, helping to assess its size and location.
• Blood tests: Bloodwork can help evaluate your dog’s overall health and identify any underlying medical conditions.
• Lymph node aspiration: If the lymph nodes near the mouth are enlarged, a sample may be taken to check for cancer cells.

Treatment Options for Oral Cancer

The treatment for oral cancer in dogs depends on the type, location, and stage of the tumor, as well as the dog’s overall health. Common treatment options include:

• Surgery: Surgical removal of the tumor is often the primary treatment option, especially for localized tumors.
• Radiation therapy: Radiation can be used to shrink or eliminate tumors that are difficult to remove surgically or to control cancer spread.
• Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy may be used to treat certain types of oral cancer or to prevent the spread of cancer cells to other parts of the body.
• Palliative care: When a cure is not possible, palliative care can help manage pain and improve your dog’s quality of life. This may include pain medication, nutritional support, and other supportive therapies.

Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving the prognosis of oral cancer in dogs. Regular dental checkups and vigilant monitoring of your dog’s oral health can help you identify potential problems early on. If you notice any signs of oral cancer, consult with your veterinarian immediately.