Swollen Dog Ear: Hematoma, Infection Or Allergy? (Vet Guide)

A swollen dog ear can be alarming for any pet owner. While there are several potential causes, three common culprits are hematomas, infections, and allergies. Knowing how to differentiate between these can help you provide the best care for your furry friend until you can get them to a vet.

Hematoma

An aural hematoma is a collection of blood between the skin and cartilage of the ear flap (pinna). It often appears as a soft, fluid-filled swelling on the inner or outer surface of the ear. The most common cause is trauma, often from vigorous head shaking or ear scratching, usually triggered by underlying ear irritation. This shaking ruptures blood vessels, leading to bleeding under the skin.

Symptoms: A sudden, noticeable swelling of the ear flap. The ear may feel warm to the touch. Your dog may exhibit pain or discomfort when you touch the ear, and may continue to shake their head or scratch the affected ear.

Diagnosis & Treatment: A vet will typically diagnose a hematoma based on a physical examination. Treatment options range from draining the fluid with a needle (which often requires multiple treatments as it can refill) to surgical intervention to create drainage and prevent the hematoma from recurring. Bandaging the ear to the head can help minimize movement and promote healing. Addressing the underlying cause of the scratching (like an infection or allergies) is critical.

Ear Infection

Ear infections in dogs are common, particularly in breeds with floppy ears, as the ear canal can trap moisture and create a breeding ground for bacteria and yeast. Infections can be caused by bacteria, yeast, or a combination of both.

Symptoms: Swelling can occur, but is generally less dramatic than a hematoma. Other telltale signs include redness inside the ear canal, discharge (which may be yellow, brown, or black), a foul odor, excessive scratching or head shaking, rubbing the ear against furniture, and sometimes a head tilt. Your dog may also be sensitive to having their ears touched.

Diagnosis & Treatment: A vet will examine the ear canal with an otoscope and may take a swab for microscopic examination to identify the specific organism causing the infection. Treatment usually involves cleaning the ear canal and applying medicated ear drops (antibiotics, antifungals, or anti-inflammatory medications). Oral medications may be needed for severe infections. Addressing any underlying issues, such as allergies, is also crucial.

Allergies

Allergies, whether food-related or environmental (pollen, dust mites, etc.), can cause inflammation and irritation in the ears, leading to secondary ear infections. Allergic reactions can compromise the skin barrier in the ear canal, making it more susceptible to infection.

Symptoms: While allergies don’t directly cause a hematoma, the intense itching and scratching they cause can lead to one. Swollen ears can also be a symptom, in addition to itchy skin, redness, excessive licking or chewing at paws, and gastrointestinal upset. Recurrent ear infections, especially if both ears are affected, can be a sign of allergies.

Diagnosis & Treatment: Diagnosing allergies can be challenging and may involve food elimination trials or allergy testing. Treatment aims to manage the allergy and prevent secondary infections. This may involve hypoallergenic diets, medication (antihistamines, corticosteroids, or immunotherapy), and regular ear cleaning. Controlling environmental allergens is also important.

When to See a Vet: Any swelling of the ear should be evaluated by a veterinarian. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications, such as chronic ear infections, permanent damage to the ear canal, or further progression of a hematoma. Trying to self-diagnose or treat can worsen the condition. Early intervention can make a significant difference in your dog’s comfort and long-term health.

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