Dog Interdigital Cysts: Paw Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

interdigital cysts dogs

Interdigital cysts, also known as follicular pododermatitis, are painful lumps that develop between a dog’s toes. While they look alarming, they’re usually a symptom of an underlying issue rather than a disease in themselves. Understanding the causes, recognizing the symptoms, and pursuing appropriate treatment is crucial for your dog’s comfort and well-being.

Causes of Interdigital Cysts

Several factors can contribute to the development of these cysts:

Conformation and Anatomy: Certain breeds, particularly those with wide feet or short, stiff hairs between their toes (like Bulldogs, Boxers, and Labrador Retrievers), are predisposed. Their anatomy makes them more prone to hair follicle irritation.
Foreign Bodies: Grass seeds, thorns, and other debris can become lodged between the toes, causing inflammation and leading to cyst formation.
Allergies: Both food and environmental allergies can cause intense itching and inflammation in the paws, prompting dogs to lick and chew, which further irritates the skin and contributes to cyst development.
Obesity: Excess weight puts extra pressure on the paws, increasing friction and irritation.
Trauma: Injury to the paw, such as a cut or bruise, can trigger inflammation and cyst formation.
Parasites: Mites (like Demodex) or other parasites can cause skin irritation and inflammation in the paw area.
Hypothyroidism: In some cases, an underactive thyroid can contribute to skin problems, including interdigital cysts.

Symptoms of Interdigital Cysts

The symptoms are usually quite noticeable:

Visible Lumps: Red, swollen, and often painful lumps between the toes. These may be single or multiple.
Licking and Chewing: Excessive licking or chewing at the paws, especially between the toes.
Lameness: Difficulty walking or limping, especially if the cyst is large or inflamed.
Redness and Swelling: Inflammation and swelling around the affected area.
Discharge: In some cases, the cyst may rupture and discharge pus or blood.

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity of the cysts. A veterinarian is essential for proper diagnosis and management. Common treatments include:

Cleaning and Disinfecting: Regular cleaning of the affected area with an antiseptic solution.
Topical Medications: Antibacterial or antifungal creams or ointments to treat infection and reduce inflammation.
Oral Medications: Antibiotics to fight bacterial infections, and anti-inflammatory drugs (like corticosteroids) to reduce swelling and pain. Antihistamines or allergy medications if allergies are suspected.
Foot Soaks: Epsom salt soaks can help draw out infection and reduce swelling.
Surgery: In severe cases, surgical removal of the cyst may be necessary, especially if it’s recurrent or unresponsive to other treatments.
Addressing Underlying Causes: Identifying and treating the root cause is crucial. This might involve allergy testing and management, weight loss, parasite control, or thyroid medication.
Protective Booties: Using dog booties can protect the paws from further irritation and prevent licking.

Early detection and treatment are vital for preventing complications and improving your dog’s quality of life. If you notice any of the symptoms described above, consult your veterinarian for a diagnosis and treatment plan.