What to Do If Your Dog Has a Medical Emergency

Discovering your dog is experiencing a medical emergency can be terrifying. Remaining calm and acting swiftly is crucial for improving your dog’s chances of a positive outcome. Here’s a breakdown of steps to take:

1. Recognize the Signs of a Medical Emergency:

Knowing what constitutes an emergency is the first step. Common signs include:

Difficulty breathing: Gasping, labored breathing, blue gums/tongue.
Severe bleeding: Profuse bleeding that doesn’t stop with pressure.
Loss of consciousness: Unresponsiveness, collapse.
Seizures: Uncontrolled shaking, twitching, paddling movements.
Bloat (GDV): Distended abdomen, retching without vomiting (especially in large, deep-chested breeds).
Suspected poisoning: Vomiting, diarrhea, tremors, disorientation after ingesting a potentially toxic substance.
Severe trauma: Hit by a car, fall from a height, significant injury.
Inability to urinate or defecate: Straining, discomfort, crying.
Eye problems: Sudden swelling, redness, or discharge.
Prolonged vomiting or diarrhea: Especially if accompanied by lethargy or dehydration.

2. Assess the Situation Quickly and Safely:

Before approaching your dog, ensure your safety and the safety of others. An injured or frightened dog may bite. Approach cautiously, speaking in a calm and reassuring voice. Muzzle your dog if possible, but only if they are not having difficulty breathing. If you suspect a spinal injury, avoid moving the dog unnecessarily.

3. Contact Your Veterinarian or Emergency Veterinary Clinic:

Immediately call your veterinarian or the nearest emergency veterinary clinic. Explain the situation clearly and concisely, describing the symptoms you’re observing. Ask for advice on immediate first aid measures you can take while en route to the clinic. Let them know you are coming and provide an estimated arrival time. This allows them to prepare for your arrival.

4. Provide Basic First Aid (If Appropriate):

Depending on the emergency, you may be able to provide some basic first aid:

Bleeding: Apply direct pressure to the wound with a clean cloth.
Breathing difficulty: Clear the airway if possible. Avoid putting anything down the throat of an unconscious animal.
Suspected poisoning: Contact the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (888-426-4435) for immediate guidance (a consultation fee may apply). Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by a veterinarian or poison control expert.
Burns: Apply cool (not cold) water to the affected area.
Fractures: Stabilize the limb with a makeshift splint if possible, but do not attempt to set the bone.

5. Transport Your Dog to the Clinic Safely:

Use a carrier or a blanket to transport your dog to the clinic. If your dog is large and unable to walk, gently slide them onto a blanket or board to avoid further injury. Drive carefully and avoid sudden stops or turns.

6. At the Veterinary Clinic:

Upon arrival, provide the veterinary staff with all the information you have gathered. Answer their questions honestly and thoroughly. Trust their expertise and follow their instructions. Staying calm and communicating effectively will help them provide the best possible care for your dog.

7. Prevention is Key:

While you can’t prevent every emergency, you can take steps to minimize the risks. Keep toxic substances out of reach, maintain a safe environment, ensure proper training and socialization, and schedule regular veterinary checkups.