What Two Breeds Make A Pit Bull?

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The term “pit bull” is often used loosely and doesn’t actually refer to a single, recognized breed. Instead, it’s a blanket term that encompasses several breeds and dogs with similar physical characteristics. While the exact breeds included under the “pit bull” umbrella can vary depending on who you ask, the two primary breeds considered foundational to the pit bull type are the American Pit Bull Terrier (APBT) and the American Staffordshire Terrier (AmStaff).

The American Pit Bull Terrier (APBT) is generally considered the purest definition of a pit bull. Developed in England, Scotland, and Ireland, these dogs were originally bred from bulldogs and terriers for bull-baiting and dogfighting. The bulldog provided strength and tenacity, while the terrier contributed agility and gameness. When these brutal bloodsports were outlawed, the dogs were brought to America where they were further refined, focusing on their fighting ability and unwavering determination. Today, while dogfighting is illegal, some APBTs are still bred for this purpose. However, responsible APBT breeders focus on producing well-tempered dogs suitable as companions and working dogs.

The American Staffordshire Terrier (AmStaff) shares a common ancestry with the APBT. In the early 20th century, breeders sought to distance themselves from the fighting heritage and improve the breed’s public image. They selectively bred dogs with a more predictable temperament and conformation, emphasizing a broader head, shorter muzzle, and stockier build. In 1936, the American Kennel Club (AKC) recognized the breed as the Staffordshire Terrier, later changing the name to American Staffordshire Terrier to differentiate it from the smaller English Staffordshire Bull Terrier. While related to the APBT, AmStaffs are bred to conform to the AKC breed standard and are generally known for their more consistent temperament and family-friendly nature.

It’s important to note that these two breeds are very closely related, and some kennel clubs, like the United Kennel Club (UKC), register both types of dogs as American Pit Bull Terriers. Distinguishing between them can sometimes be difficult, even for experienced breeders and veterinarians. The physical characteristics, such as head shape, body size, and temperament, can overlap considerably.

Furthermore, other breeds are often mistakenly identified as “pit bulls.” This can include the Staffordshire Bull Terrier, a smaller and more compact breed with a distinct head shape, as well as mixes of any of these breeds. In many cases, any muscular, short-haired dog with a broad head is labeled a pit bull, regardless of its actual lineage.

In conclusion, while the term “pit bull” is often used loosely, the American Pit Bull Terrier and the American Staffordshire Terrier are the two breeds most closely associated with the pit bull type. Understanding the history and breed standards of these dogs is essential to accurately identifying and appreciating the diversity within this often misunderstood group of breeds.