Maltese Health: Common Issues to Be Aware Of

Maltese dogs, known for their playful personalities and luxurious white coats, are generally healthy dogs with a lifespan of 12-15 years. However, like all breeds, they are predisposed to certain health conditions. Being aware of these potential issues can help owners provide the best possible care for their beloved companions.

Common Health Problems

Several health concerns appear more frequently in Maltese dogs:

Tracheal Collapse

This is a progressive condition where the cartilage rings in the trachea weaken, causing the trachea to flatten and restrict airflow. Symptoms include a dry, goose-honk cough, especially during excitement or exercise. Management often involves weight management, using a harness instead of a collar, and medication to control coughing and inflammation. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary.

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

PDA is a congenital heart defect where a blood vessel that should close shortly after birth remains open. This abnormal blood flow can strain the heart, leading to heart failure. Diagnosis requires a veterinary cardiologist’s exam, and treatment typically involves surgical closure of the ductus arteriosus.

Hypoglycemia

Maltese puppies, especially, are prone to hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar. This can be caused by stress, inadequate feeding, or parasites. Symptoms include weakness, trembling, seizures, and even coma. Frequent small meals and readily available glucose sources like honey or Karo syrup can help prevent and treat hypoglycemic episodes.

Shaker Syndrome (Cerebellar Ataxia)

Also known as “White Dog Shaker Syndrome,” this condition causes tremors throughout the body, particularly in white-coated breeds. The cause is unknown, but it is thought to be an autoimmune disorder. Treatment usually involves corticosteroids to suppress the immune system and reduce inflammation.

Dental Problems

Due to their small size, Maltese dogs are prone to dental problems such as overcrowding, plaque and tartar buildup, and periodontal disease. Regular tooth brushing, dental chews, and professional dental cleanings are crucial to maintaining good oral hygiene and preventing more serious health issues.

Luxating Patella

This condition involves the kneecap (patella) slipping out of its normal position in the groove of the femur. It can cause pain, lameness, and arthritis. The severity varies, and treatment may range from pain medication and weight management to surgery.

Eye Issues

Maltese dogs are susceptible to several eye conditions, including:

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): A degenerative eye disease that leads to blindness.
Cataracts: Clouding of the lens of the eye, which can impair vision.
Glaucoma: Increased pressure within the eye, which can damage the optic nerve.
Epiphora: Excessive tearing, which can stain the fur around the eyes.

Regular eye exams by a veterinary ophthalmologist are important for early detection and management of these conditions.

Preventative Care

While these health concerns are potential risks, many can be managed or prevented with proper care. Regular veterinary checkups, a balanced diet, appropriate exercise, and maintaining a healthy weight are crucial for a Maltese dog’s well-being. Choosing a reputable breeder who screens their breeding stock for genetic health problems can also minimize the risk of inherited conditions.

By being informed and proactive, Maltese owners can help their furry friends live long, happy, and healthy lives.