Collapsed Trachea in Dogs: Symptoms, Treatment & Management

Collapsed trachea is a chronic, progressive respiratory disease common in small dog breeds, particularly Toy Poodles, Yorkshire Terriers, Pomeranians, and Chihuahuas. It occurs when the cartilaginous rings that support the trachea (windpipe) weaken, causing it to flatten or collapse, especially during inhalation. This makes it difficult for the dog to breathe.

Symptoms

The hallmark symptom of a collapsed trachea is a distinctive, dry, hacking cough often described as a “goose honk.” Other signs can include:

• Difficulty breathing, especially during excitement or exercise
• Wheezing
• Gagging or retching
• Cyanosis (bluish gums and tongue) due to lack of oxygen
• Exercise intolerance
• Fainting (in severe cases)

Symptoms can be intermittent and worsen with factors like obesity, exposure to irritants (smoke, dust), excitement, or hot and humid weather. Stress can also exacerbate the condition.

Diagnosis

A veterinarian will typically diagnose a collapsed trachea based on the dog’s history, a physical examination (including listening to the lungs), and diagnostic imaging. Fluoroscopy (a moving X-ray) is often the most effective way to visualize the trachea during respiration and confirm the collapse. X-rays can also be used, but may not always reveal the collapse. A tracheal wash and culture may be performed to rule out infection.

Treatment

Treatment for collapsed trachea focuses on managing the symptoms and improving the dog’s quality of life. There’s no cure, but many dogs can live comfortably with appropriate management. Treatment options include:

• Medication: Bronchodilators to open the airways, cough suppressants to reduce coughing, and corticosteroids to reduce inflammation are commonly prescribed. Antibiotics may be needed if a secondary respiratory infection is present.
• Weight Management: Obesity puts extra pressure on the trachea. Weight loss is crucial for overweight dogs.
• Harness instead of Collar: Collars can put pressure on the trachea and worsen the collapse. A harness distributes pressure more evenly.
• Environmental Control: Avoid exposure to irritants like smoke, dust, and perfumes. Use an air purifier to improve air quality.
• Humidifier: Using a humidifier can help keep the airways moist and reduce irritation.
• Surgery: In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary. This involves placing prosthetic rings around the trachea to provide support. Surgical options are complex and carry risks, so they are typically reserved for dogs with severe, life-threatening symptoms unresponsive to medical management.
• Tracheal Stent Placement: A less invasive option is to place a stent inside the trachea to keep it open. This can provide immediate relief but can also have complications like stent migration or granuloma formation.

Management

Long-term management involves carefully monitoring your dog’s breathing and adjusting medications as needed. Avoid triggers that worsen the condition, and maintain a healthy weight. Regular veterinary checkups are essential to monitor the progression of the disease and adjust the treatment plan accordingly. Keep your dog calm and avoid stressful situations. With proper management, many dogs with collapsed trachea can live relatively normal lives.

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