Common Dog Respiratory Infections: Kennel Cough & Pneumonia

Respiratory infections are a common ailment in dogs, with kennel cough and pneumonia being two of the most prevalent. Understanding these conditions, their causes, symptoms, and treatments is crucial for responsible dog ownership.

Kennel Cough (Infectious Tracheobronchitis)

Kennel cough, also known as infectious tracheobronchitis, is a highly contagious respiratory infection affecting the trachea (windpipe) and bronchi (airways) of dogs. The name “kennel cough” comes from its rapid spread in environments where dogs are in close proximity, such as kennels, dog parks, and grooming facilities.

Causes: Kennel cough is typically caused by a combination of viral and bacterial pathogens. Bordetella bronchiseptica is the most common bacterial culprit, often working in conjunction with viruses like canine parainfluenza virus, canine adenovirus type 2, canine distemper virus, and canine influenza virus. Stress, poor ventilation, and cold temperatures can increase a dog’s susceptibility.

Symptoms: The hallmark symptom of kennel cough is a persistent, forceful, dry, hacking cough, often described as a “goose honk.” Other symptoms may include sneezing, a runny nose, eye discharge, lethargy, and loss of appetite. Some dogs may exhibit mild symptoms, while others experience more severe illness.

Treatment: Mild cases of kennel cough often resolve on their own within a few weeks with rest and supportive care. Cough suppressants may be prescribed to alleviate discomfort. In more severe cases, antibiotics may be necessary to combat bacterial infections. Veterinarian consultation is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment recommendations. Isolation from other dogs is essential to prevent further spread.

Pneumonia

Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lungs, typically caused by an infection. It can be classified based on the causative agent and the affected area of the lungs.

Causes: Canine pneumonia can be broadly categorized into bacterial, viral, fungal, and aspiration pneumonia. Bacterial pneumonia, often caused by secondary bacterial infections following a viral infection, is common. Viral pneumonia can be caused by canine influenza, adenovirus, or distemper. Aspiration pneumonia occurs when foreign material, such as food or vomit, is inhaled into the lungs. Fungal pneumonia is less common but can occur in certain geographic regions.

Symptoms: Symptoms of pneumonia can vary depending on the severity and cause. Common signs include a moist, productive cough, difficulty breathing, rapid breathing, fever, lethargy, loss of appetite, nasal discharge, and blue-tinged gums (cyanosis) in severe cases due to lack of oxygen.

Treatment: Pneumonia requires prompt veterinary attention. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to combat bacterial infections, bronchodilators to open airways, and supplemental oxygen therapy in severe cases. Intravenous fluids may be administered to maintain hydration. Nebulization and coupage (chest percussion) may be used to loosen lung secretions and aid in expectoration. The underlying cause, such as aspiration, must also be addressed. Hospitalization may be necessary for intensive care.

Prevention: Vaccination against canine influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus, and distemper can help prevent viral pneumonia. Good hygiene practices, proper nutrition, and minimizing exposure to sick dogs can reduce the risk of both kennel cough and pneumonia. Early veterinary intervention is crucial for managing these respiratory infections and ensuring a positive outcome for your canine companion.