Common Dog Skin Issues: Allergies, Hot Spots & Yeast

Dog skin problems are incredibly common and can cause significant discomfort for our furry friends. Three frequently encountered issues are allergies, hot spots, and yeast infections. Understanding these conditions can help you provide your dog with the best possible care.

Allergies

Dog allergies are triggered by an overreaction of the immune system to a normally harmless substance, called an allergen. These allergens can enter the body through inhalation, ingestion, or direct contact. Common culprits include:

• Food: Beef, chicken, dairy, wheat, and soy are frequent food allergens.
• Environmental Allergens (Atopy): Pollen, mold, dust mites, and grasses.
• Flea Allergy Dermatitis (FAD): An allergic reaction to flea saliva.

Symptoms of allergies in dogs often manifest as:

• Excessive scratching, licking, and chewing, especially at the paws, face, ears, and groin.
• Red, inflamed skin.
• Hair loss.
• Ear infections.
• Skin rashes or bumps.

Diagnosing allergies usually involves a process of elimination. Your veterinarian may recommend food trials, intradermal skin testing, or blood tests. Treatment options can include allergen avoidance, hypoallergenic diets, medications (antihistamines, corticosteroids, or immunotherapy), and topical treatments to soothe the skin.

Hot Spots (Acute Moist Dermatitis)

Hot spots are localized areas of inflamed, irritated skin that dogs often intensely lick, chew, or scratch. This self-trauma exacerbates the problem, leading to a rapidly spreading, moist, and painful lesion. Hot spots are often secondary to an underlying issue, such as:

• Allergies
• Flea infestations
• Insect bites
• Poor grooming
• Anal gland issues
• Underlying pain

The affected area is typically red, raw, and oozing. Hair loss is common around the hot spot. Treatment usually involves:

• Clipping the hair around the lesion to allow for air circulation and medication penetration.
• Cleaning the area with an antiseptic solution.
• Applying topical medications, such as corticosteroids or antibiotics, to reduce inflammation and prevent infection.
• Using an Elizabethan collar (cone of shame) to prevent further self-trauma.
• Addressing the underlying cause of the hot spot, such as treating allergies or fleas.

Yeast Infections (Malassezia Dermatitis)

Yeast, specifically Malassezia pachydermatis, is a normal inhabitant of dog skin. However, when the skin’s natural defenses are compromised, yeast can overgrow and cause an infection. Factors that predispose dogs to yeast infections include:

• Allergies
• Skin folds (breeds like Bulldogs and Shar Peis are particularly susceptible)
• Excessive moisture
• Weakened immune system
• Antibiotic use

Symptoms of yeast infections include:

• Intense itching.
• Greasy skin and hair.
• Musty or cheesy odor.
• Redness and inflammation.
• Hyperpigmentation (darkening of the skin).
• Thickening of the skin (lichenification).

Yeast infections are typically diagnosed through skin cytology, where a sample is examined under a microscope. Treatment options include:

• Topical antifungal medications, such as shampoos, creams, or wipes.
• Oral antifungal medications for more severe or widespread infections.
• Addressing any underlying conditions that predispose the dog to yeast overgrowth.
• Maintaining good hygiene, especially in skin folds.

If you notice any signs of skin problems in your dog, it’s crucial to consult with your veterinarian for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan. Early intervention can prevent these conditions from becoming chronic and improve your dog’s quality of life.