Do Maltese Dogs Have Health Issues?

maltese common health issues breed specific conditions

Maltese dogs, with their silky white coats and endearing personalities, are generally healthy little companions. However, like all breeds, they are predisposed to certain health issues. Understanding these potential problems can help owners provide the best possible care and ensure their Maltese lives a long and happy life.

One of the more common concerns in Maltese is tracheal collapse. This condition occurs when the cartilage rings that support the trachea (windpipe) weaken, causing the trachea to flatten and making it difficult for the dog to breathe. Symptoms include a characteristic “goose honk” cough, wheezing, and exercise intolerance. While not always life-threatening, it can significantly impact quality of life and often requires medication and lifestyle adjustments.

Luxating patella, or dislocated kneecap, is another prevalent issue. It’s a genetic condition where the kneecap slips out of its groove, causing pain and lameness. Severity varies, with some dogs requiring surgery to correct the problem, while others can be managed with pain medication and weight control. Early detection and management are key to minimizing discomfort.

Dental problems are also common in Maltese. Their small mouths and tendency towards crowded teeth make them prone to periodontal disease. Regular brushing, professional dental cleanings, and appropriate chew toys are crucial for maintaining good oral hygiene and preventing tooth loss and related health problems.

Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, is a concern, especially in Maltese puppies. Their small size means they have limited energy reserves and can be susceptible to drops in blood sugar levels, leading to weakness, seizures, and even coma. Frequent small meals, especially during puppyhood, are essential to prevent hypoglycemia.

Eye issues, such as progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) and glaucoma, can affect Maltese. PRA is a degenerative eye disease that leads to blindness, while glaucoma is a condition characterized by increased pressure inside the eye, which can damage the optic nerve. Regular eye exams by a veterinary ophthalmologist can help detect these problems early and potentially slow their progression.

Less common, but still relevant, concerns include heart conditions like patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and mitral valve disease. PDA is a congenital heart defect, while mitral valve disease is a progressive condition that affects the heart valves. These conditions can lead to heart failure and require specialized veterinary care.

While the potential for these health issues exists, it’s important to remember that not every Maltese will experience them. Responsible breeding practices, including health screening of parents, can help reduce the risk of genetic predispositions. A healthy diet, regular exercise, and consistent veterinary care are essential for maximizing a Maltese’s chances of a long and healthy life. Knowing the potential health problems allows owners to be proactive in monitoring their dog’s health and seeking timely veterinary care when needed.