Dog Coughing

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Coughing in dogs can be a common symptom, but it’s important to pay attention to the type of cough, its frequency, and any accompanying symptoms to determine the underlying cause. Understanding the possible reasons behind your dog’s cough will help you know when to seek veterinary care.

One of the most recognizable coughs is the “goose honk” cough, often associated with kennel cough (infectious tracheobronchitis). Kennel cough is a highly contagious respiratory infection that inflames the trachea (windpipe) and bronchi. It’s often contracted in places where dogs congregate, such as boarding kennels, dog parks, and grooming facilities. While generally not life-threatening, kennel cough can be very irritating and uncomfortable for your dog. Other symptoms that may accompany kennel cough include a runny nose, sneezing, and lethargy.

Heart disease can also cause coughing in dogs, especially as they age. A cough related to heart disease is often described as a soft, hacking cough that may worsen at night or after exercise. This type of cough is caused by fluid buildup in the lungs (pulmonary edema) due to the heart’s inability to effectively pump blood. Other signs of heart disease include shortness of breath, exercise intolerance, and a swollen abdomen.

A persistent, dry cough could indicate a collapsed trachea, a condition where the cartilaginous rings that support the trachea weaken and flatten, causing the airway to narrow. This is more common in small breed dogs like Chihuahuas, Pomeranians, and Yorkshire Terriers. The cough is often triggered by excitement, pressure on the neck (from a collar), or changes in temperature.

Foreign objects lodged in the airway can also cause sudden coughing. If your dog suddenly starts coughing and gagging, especially after being outside or chewing on a toy, consider the possibility of a foreign body obstruction. This is a medical emergency and requires immediate veterinary attention.

Less common, but equally important causes of coughing in dogs include:

Pneumonia: An infection of the lungs that can cause a moist, productive cough, fever, and difficulty breathing.
Lung tumors: Masses in the lungs that can cause coughing, wheezing, and weight loss.
Heartworm disease: A parasitic infection transmitted by mosquitoes that can damage the heart and lungs, leading to coughing and exercise intolerance.
Allergies: Exposure to allergens such as pollen, dust mites, or mold can trigger coughing, sneezing, and itchy skin.

When should you see a vet? It’s important to consult your veterinarian if your dog’s cough:

Is persistent and doesn’t improve after a few days.
Is accompanied by other symptoms like fever, lethargy, loss of appetite, difficulty breathing, or blue gums.
Sounds particularly harsh or violent.
Is accompanied by vomiting or gagging.

Your veterinarian will perform a physical exam and may recommend diagnostic tests such as radiographs (X-rays), blood work, or a tracheal wash to determine the cause of your dog’s cough and recommend appropriate treatment. Treatment options may vary depending on the underlying cause, and can include antibiotics, cough suppressants, heart medications, or surgery. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve your dog’s quality of life and prevent complications.