Dog Mange Explained: Types, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Mange is a skin disease caused by microscopic mites that infest a dog’s skin. It’s intensely itchy and uncomfortable, often leading to hair loss and secondary skin infections. Understanding the different types of mange is crucial for effective treatment.

Types of Mange

There are two primary types of mange in dogs:

• Sarcoptic Mange (Canine Scabies): This is highly contagious, both to other dogs and to humans (although the infestation in humans is self-limiting and usually resolves on its own once the affected dog is treated). Sarcoptes scabiei mites burrow under the skin, causing intense itching.
• Demodectic Mange (Demodicosis): This type is caused by Demodex mites, which live in hair follicles and are normally present in small numbers on most dogs. It becomes problematic when the dog’s immune system is weakened, allowing the mites to proliferate. Demodectic mange is not contagious to humans or other animals with healthy immune systems. There are two forms:
• Localized Demodectic Mange: Usually seen in puppies, characterized by small, scaly patches, often around the eyes, mouth, or forelegs. Often resolves on its own as the puppy’s immune system matures.
• Generalized Demodectic Mange: A more severe form affecting larger areas of the body. Can be associated with underlying immunosuppression or genetic predisposition.

Symptoms of Mange

The symptoms of mange can vary depending on the type:

• Sarcoptic Mange: Intense itching (pruritus), leading to constant scratching and biting. Hair loss, red and inflamed skin, crusty lesions, typically starting on the ears, elbows, abdomen, and chest. Secondary bacterial infections are common due to skin damage from scratching.
• Demodectic Mange:
  • Localized: Small, scaly or crusty patches of hair loss, often not very itchy.
  • Generalized: Widespread hair loss, red and inflamed skin, secondary bacterial infections causing pustules, crusting, and a foul odor. Can be very itchy, especially if secondary infections are present.

Diagnosis

A veterinarian can diagnose mange through skin scrapings examined under a microscope to identify the mites. However, Sarcoptes mites can be difficult to find, so a negative skin scraping doesn’t necessarily rule out sarcoptic mange. In such cases, the veterinarian may recommend a trial treatment based on clinical signs.

Treatment Options

Treatment for mange depends on the type and severity of the infestation:

• Sarcoptic Mange: Typically treated with medicated shampoos, dips (such as lime sulfur), or oral/topical medications that kill the mites. Common medications include ivermectin, selamectin, milbemycin oxime, and fluralaner. Treatment must be thorough and may need to be repeated to ensure all mites are eradicated. Household cleaning is also crucial to prevent re-infestation.
• Demodectic Mange:
  • Localized: May resolve on its own. If not, topical medications may be used.
  • Generalized: Requires more aggressive treatment, often with oral medications like ivermectin, milbemycin oxime, or fluralaner. Medicated shampoos are also often used to help manage secondary bacterial infections. Addressing any underlying immune system issues is important. Long-term treatment may be necessary in some cases.

It’s essential to consult with a veterinarian for proper diagnosis and treatment of mange. Never self-treat your dog, as some medications can be toxic if used incorrectly. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent severe complications and provide your dog with much-needed relief.