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Heartworm Symptoms in Dogs: Cough, Fatigue & Diagnosis

Heartworm disease is a serious and potentially fatal condition affecting dogs worldwide. It’s caused by parasitic worms called *Dirofilaria immitis* that live in the heart, lungs, and associated blood vessels of affected animals. Understanding the symptoms and importance of early diagnosis is crucial for protecting your canine companion. In the early stages of heartworm infection, many dogs show no obvious symptoms. This is why preventative medication is so vital. As the worm burden increases and the disease progresses, symptoms begin to emerge. These symptoms can vary depending on the severity of the infection, the dog’s activity level, and individual response to the parasite. One of the most common signs is a persistent **cough**. This cough is often soft, dry, and chronic. It may be more pronounced after exercise or excitement. The cough results from the irritation and inflammation caused by the worms in the lungs and blood vessels. **Fatigue** and decreased exercise tolerance are also hallmark symptoms. Dogs with heartworm disease may tire easily during walks or playtime. They might show a general lack of energy and seem less enthusiastic about activities they once enjoyed. This is due to the worms interfering with the heart’s ability to pump blood efficiently, limiting oxygen delivery to the muscles. Other potential symptoms include: * **Difficulty breathing:** As the heartworms obstruct blood flow, fluid can build up in the lungs (pulmonary edema), making breathing labored. * **Weight loss:** Appetite may decrease due to the disease’s overall impact on the dog’s system. * **Distended abdomen:** Fluid accumulation in the abdomen (ascites) can occur in severe cases as the heart struggles to maintain proper circulation. * **Pale gums:** This can indicate anemia, which can be associated with heartworm disease. * **Sudden collapse:** In severe cases, especially after exercise, a dog may collapse due to heart failure or a blockage in a major blood vessel. If you observe any of these symptoms in your dog, it’s essential to consult with your veterinarian immediately. Early diagnosis is crucial for successful treatment. **Diagnosis** typically involves blood tests. The most common test is an antigen test, which detects the presence of adult female heartworm antigens (proteins) in the bloodstream. This test is highly accurate. A microfilariae test may also be performed to detect the presence of heartworm larvae (microfilariae) in the blood, although this test is less sensitive. In addition to blood tests, your veterinarian may recommend chest X-rays (radiographs) to assess the condition of the heart and lungs. An echocardiogram (ultrasound of the heart) can also provide valuable information about the heart’s structure and function. Heartworm disease is a preventable condition. Regular veterinary checkups and consistent use of heartworm preventative medication are the best ways to protect your dog. Remember, early detection and treatment can significantly improve your dog’s prognosis and quality of life. If you have any concerns about heartworm disease, don’t hesitate to speak with your veterinarian.