The Maltese: A History Shrouded in Antiquity

The Maltese dog, a tiny canine with a luxurious white coat, boasts a history that stretches back millennia. Unlike many modern breeds meticulously developed in recent centuries, the Maltese has ancient roots, making it one of the oldest European toy breeds. Its story is interwoven with maritime trade, aristocratic patronage, and enduring popularity.

Originating in the central Mediterranean area, the Maltese wasn’t necessarily exclusive to the island of Malta, despite the name. The name likely derives from the Semitic word “Malat,” meaning refuge or harbor, indicating that these small dogs were prevalent in port cities frequented by Phoenician traders. These ancient mariners were instrumental in spreading the breed, or its early ancestors, throughout the Mediterranean world.

Evidence suggests that dogs resembling the modern Maltese existed as far back as 3500 BC. Archeological finds, including depictions on pottery and in tombs, point to the presence of small, white, Spitz-type dogs in regions surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. These early dogs were likely used as rodent controllers on ships and in port towns, their small size and agility proving invaluable in confined spaces.

By the time of the ancient Greeks and Romans, the Maltese had transitioned from a utilitarian role to that of a pampered companion. Aristocrats and noblewomen cherished the breed for its beauty and affectionate nature. The Greek philosopher Aristotle mentioned them as “perfectly proportioned,” and they were frequently portrayed in art and literature as symbols of wealth and status.

Roman women often carried Maltese dogs in their sleeves or bosoms, a practice that highlights their role as lap dogs and status symbols. The Roman Emperor Claudius owned a Maltese, and they were often immortalized in Roman mosaics and sculptures. The breed’s popularity continued through the Middle Ages, remaining a favorite among European royalty and nobility.

During the Renaissance, the Maltese became even more fashionable, particularly in the courts of Europe. They were often depicted in portraits of noblewomen, solidifying their image as a luxurious and beloved pet. Queen Elizabeth I of England is said to have owned a Maltese, further cementing its association with royalty.

The Maltese breed arrived in America in the late 19th century and was officially recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1888. Since then, it has remained a popular companion breed, admired for its elegant appearance, gentle temperament, and unwavering loyalty. Though its original function as a ratter has largely been forgotten, the Maltese continues to thrive as a beloved pet, a testament to its enduring appeal and its long and fascinating history.