The Most Common Health Concerns in Maltese Dogs

While Maltese dogs are generally considered healthy, long-lived companions, like all breeds they are predisposed to certain genetic and acquired health conditions. Determining a single “most common” disease can be tricky, as prevalence can fluctuate and data is often based on veterinary records rather than comprehensive breed-specific studies. However, several conditions appear with notable frequency in Maltese dogs, making them significant concerns for owners and breeders.

One of the most frequently encountered issues is **tracheal collapse**. This condition occurs when the cartilaginous rings supporting the trachea weaken, causing the trachea to flatten and obstruct airflow. Symptoms can range from a mild, honking cough to severe respiratory distress, especially during excitement or exertion. Diagnosis is typically made through radiographs or fluoroscopy, and treatment options vary depending on the severity, including medication to manage cough and inflammation, weight management, and in severe cases, surgical intervention to support the trachea.

Another prevalent condition is **dental disease**. Maltese dogs, like many small breeds, are prone to periodontal disease due to their small mouths and crowded teeth. This can lead to plaque and tartar buildup, gingivitis, and ultimately, tooth loss. Regular dental cleanings performed by a veterinarian, combined with at-home dental care like brushing and dental chews, are crucial for preventing and managing dental problems. Early detection and treatment can significantly improve a Maltese’s overall health and comfort.

**Luxating patella**, or a dislocating kneecap, is also commonly seen in Maltese dogs. This occurs when the patella slips out of its groove in the femur, causing pain and lameness. The severity can range from occasional, self-correcting luxation to persistent dislocation requiring surgical correction. Regular veterinary checkups are important for monitoring patellar stability, and weight management can help reduce stress on the joints.

Furthermore, **hypoglycemia**, or low blood sugar, is a potential concern, particularly in Maltese puppies due to their small size and high metabolic rate. Signs include weakness, tremors, disorientation, and even seizures. Frequent small meals and readily available glucose sources can help prevent hypoglycemic episodes. Adult Maltese can also experience hypoglycemia secondary to other underlying health conditions.

While these conditions are frequently observed, other health problems can also affect Maltese dogs, including heart disease, eye conditions like progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), and skin allergies. Responsible breeders screen their dogs for genetic predispositions to these conditions, reducing the likelihood of passing them on to offspring. Regular veterinary care, including annual checkups and prompt attention to any signs of illness, is essential for maintaining the health and well-being of a Maltese dog.

Ultimately, while “most common” is hard to pinpoint, tracheal collapse, dental disease, luxating patella, and hypoglycemia represent significant health concerns for Maltese owners. By understanding these risks and working closely with a veterinarian, owners can proactively manage their dog’s health and ensure a long and happy life.